R Code

Example 5: Google Analytics

Loading a .csv data file into R

Example 2: Shark Attacks

Proportions and Percentages

Example 3: U.S. Shark Attacks

Pie Charts and Bar Charts

Example 4: Sodium Content of Cereals

Dot Plot

Example 5: Sodium Content of Cereals

Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Example 6: TV Hours per Day

Histogram for a Discrete Variable

Example 7: Sodium Content of Cereals

Histogram for a Continuous Variable

Example 9: Warming Trends in New York City

Time Trend

Example 10: Sodium Content of Cereals

Mean and Median

Example 11: CO2 Pollution

Mean, Median, and Outliers

Example 12: Number of Children

Standard Deviation

Example 14: Student Heights

Empirical Rule

Example 15: Sodium Content of Cereals

Quartiles

Example 16: Sodium Content of Cereals

Box Plot

Example 17: Pollution Outliers

z-Scores

Example 19: Heptathlon

Standardizing

Example 2: Pesticide Residues

Explanatory and Response Variables

Example 3: Pesticide Residues

Graphing Conditional Proportions

Example 6: Internet and Facebook Use

Scatterplot

Example 8: Internet and Facebook Use

Correlation Coefficient

Example 10: Baseball Scoring

Regression Equation

Example 11: Palm Beach County

Residual

Example 12: Olympic High Jumps

Exploring Multivariate Relationships

Example 13: Global Warming

Extrapolation

Example 14: Education and Murder Rates

Influential Outliers

Example 15: Education and Murder Rates

Causation and Correlation

Example 4: Drawing Prize Winners

Simple Random Sample

Example 5: Auditing a School District

Selecting a Simple Random Sample

Example 2: Fairness of Rolling Dice

Randomness

Example 3: Multiple-Choice Pop Quiz

Sample Space

Example 3: Expected No. of Games

Mean of a Probability Distribution

Example 5: Risk Taking

Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution

Example 7: Talk Times on Smartphones

Finding Normal Probabilities

Example 8: IQ Scores

Cumulative Probability and a Percentile Value

Example 9: Relative Standing on SAT

Using z-Scores to Find Percentiles

Example 10: Who Gets a B

Using z-Scores to Find Interval Probabilities

Example 11: Test Scores That Use Different Scales

Comparing z-Scores

Example 12: Speed Dating

Binomial Probabilities

Example 13: Testing for Gender Bias in Promotions

Binomial Distribution

Example 14: Checking for Racial Profiling

Normal Approximation of the Binomial Distribution

Example 3: Predicting the Election Outcome

Normal Shape of the Sampling Distribution

Example 5: Average Salary

Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

Example 6: Carbon Footprint of Sandwiches

Sampling Distribution of the Sample Correlation Coefficient

Example 2: A Wife's Career

Standard Error and Margin of Error

Example 3: Paying Higher Prices to Protect the Environment

Constructing and Interpreting a Confidence Interval

Example 4: Influenza Vaccine

99% Confidence Interval

Example 5: Exit Poll

Choosing a Sample Size

Example 8: Number of Hours Spent Watching Television

Standard Error and Confidence Interval for a Population Mean

Example 9: Buying on eBay

Using t-Distribution for a Confidence Interval for the Mean

Example 10: Finding Mean Education in South Africa

Finding n

Example 11: Flight Departure Delays

Percentile Confidence Interval

Example 12: Median Departure Delay

Confidence Interval for a Median

Example 13: Carbon Footprint

Confidence Interval for the Correlation

Example 4: Opinion on Fracking

Two-Sided Significance Test

Example 6: Cars Stopping for Pedestrians

Significance Test about a Population Proportion

Example 8: Weight Change

One-Sided Significance Test about a Mean

Example 3: Cancer Death Rates

Standard Error for the Difference of Two Sample Proportions

Example 4: Cancer Death Rates

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Proportions

Example 5: TV Watching

Significance Test Comparing Two Proportions

Example 7: Text with Graph

Standard Error for the Difference of Two Sample Means

Example 8: Text with Graph

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Means

Example 9: Driving Reaction Times

Significance Test Comparing Two Means

Example 10: Loan Amount and Terms

Bootstrap Distribution of the Difference Between Two Medians

Example 14: Diver Reaction Time

Comparing Means for Two Dependent Samples

Example 17: Speech Recognition Systems

McNemar's Test

Example 3: Happiness and Income

Chi-Squared Statistic

Example 4: Happiness and Income

Chi-Squared Distribution

Example 5: Headache from Flu Vaccine

Testing Homogeneity

Example 6: Mendelian Genetics

Testing Goodness of Fit

Example 9: Religiosity and Gender

Standardized Residuals

Example 10: Tea-Tasting Experiment

Fisher's Exact Test

Example 11: Hero or Criminal

Permutation Test

Example 2: The Strength Study

Scatterplot

Example 3: Maximum Bench Press

Regression Line

Example 5: Maximum Bench Press

Inference About the Slope

Example 6: Maximum Bench Press

95% Confidence Interval for a Slope

Example 10: The Strength Study

The Squared Correlation Coefficient

Example 12: College GPA

Standardized Residual

Example 13: College GPA

Using Residuals to Check Model Assumptions

Example 14: Maximum Bench Press

Residual Standard Deviation

Example 15: Maximum Bench Press

Confidence and Prediction Intervals

Example 2: House Selling Prices

Multiple Regression

Example 3: House Selling Prices

Multiple Correlation Coefficient and R-Squared

Example 4: Athletes' Weight

Estimating Residual Standard Deviation

Example 5: Athletes' Weight

Overall F Test for Predictors

Example 6: Athletes' Weight

Hypothesis Test for the Multiple Regression Parameter Beta

Example 7: Athletes' Weight

Confidence Interval for Beta

Example 8: House Selling Prices

Histogram of Standardized Residuals

Example 9: House Selling Prices

Plotting Residuals

Example 10: House Selling Prices

Indicator Variables

Example 12: Travel Credit Cards

Logistic Regression Model

Example 3: Telephone Holding Times

One-Way ANOVA

Example 5: Number of Friends and Happiness

Fisher Test

Example 6: Number of Friends and Happiness

Tukey Test

Example 7: Telephone Holding Times

Regression Analysis

Example 9: Corn Yield

Testing the Main Effects

Example 10: Corn Yield

Regression Modeling

Example 11: Corn Yield

Testing for Interaction

Example 2: Tanning Studio Versus Lotion

P-Value for Wilcoxon Test

Example 3: Driving Reaction Times

Wilcoxon Test: Finding Ranks

Example 5: Frequent Dating and College GPA

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Example 8: GRE Test Scores

Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test